Table 2 Classification of heart failure by LVEF on examination
Phenotype | LVEF | Definition |
|---|---|---|
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: HFrEF | < 40% | Left ventricular systolic dysfunction. In many clinical studies, patients with a low LVEF despite standard medical treatment for heart failure are enrolled as patients with HFrEF |
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: HFpEF | ≥ 50% | Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Other diseases that may cause similar symptoms should be ruled out. No effective treatments have been established |
Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction: HFmrEF | 40% to < 50% | Borderline heart failure. Clinical features and prognosis have not yet been fully characterized. Treatment should be selected on an individual basis |